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change line ending crlf -> to lf
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otavepto
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@ -1,100 +1,100 @@
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# Interesting things about the new auth ticket
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Firstly, why do you need to use the new auth ticket?
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Well, thats because some Emulators, or servers checking inside the tickets. (Example is Nemirtingas Epic Emu)\
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Old version of the ticket not gonna work with them.
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## How does the old ticket look vs the new?
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Old Ticket looks like this:
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```
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4 byte (header) | 4 byte | 8 byte
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0x14 (AKA 20) 00 00 00 | [TicketNumber] | [SteamId]
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```
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As you see the ticket doesnt contains any information when its made, what DLC you have and appid you started.
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### Before seeing how the new ticket looks, what does the "HasGC" means?
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GC means Game Coordinator.\
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It helps with IP address, better matchmake, and other things.
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Why do we use it?\
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Well simple because I researched for it and everything usually sending that data back.\
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You can write a simple Application and edit steam_api.txt for any appid you own and gather the ticket from it.
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GC contains these infromation:
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```c++
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uint32_t STEAM_APPTICKET_GCLen = 20; // Magic header 20
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uint64_t GCToken{}; // A unique token for this, can be random or sequential
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CSteamID id{}; // our steamId
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uint32_t ticketGenDate{}; //epoch time when generated
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uint32_t STEAM_APPTICKET_SESSIONLEN = 24; // Magic Header 24
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uint32_t one = 1; // dont know yet
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uint32_t two = 2; // dont know yet
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uint32_t ExternalIP{}; // External ip (Steam usually encrypting these)
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uint32_t InternalIP{}; // Internal ip (Steam usually encrypting these)
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uint32_t TimeSinceStartup{}; // Seconds since Steam Startup
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uint32_t TicketGeneratedCount{}; // how many ticket did you generated since startup
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uint32_t FullSizeOfGC = 56; // GC size (52) + 4
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```
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If you add those together you get 52
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```
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8 = uint64_t
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4 = uint32_t
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4 + 8 + 8 + 4 = 24 (4 without the header is 20 so the lenght of the Next section)
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4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 28 (4 without the header is 24 so the lenght of the Next section)
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```
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Yes, we could separate these but since only GC doing this, that is not much
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### The rest of the Ticket
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As you see in the auth.h file the ticket is contains these infromation:
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```c++
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uint32_t TheTicketLenght; // Full lenght of the ticket exluding the padding and the Singature
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uint32_t Version{}; // Latest version is 4 so we keep that way
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CSteamID id{}; // our steamId
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uint32_t AppId{}; // Current AppId that we playing
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uint32_t ExternalIP{}; // External ip (Steam usually encrypting these)
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uint32_t InternalIP{}; // Internal ip (Steam usually encrypting these)
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uint32_t AlwaysZero = 0; //OwnershipFlags? or Might be VAC Banned?
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uint32_t TicketGeneratedDate{}; // Epoch Seconds when the Ticket generated
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uint32_t TicketGeneratedExpireDate{}; // Epoch Seconds when the Ticket will expire
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std::vector<uint32_t> Licenses{}; // our licenses (Usually is 0 or if you own a locked beta that will be it)
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std::vector<DLC> DLCs{}; // what DLC we own
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```
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The DLC data inside:
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```c++
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struct DLC {
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uint32_t AppId{}; // AppId of the DLC
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std::vector<uint32_t> Licenses{}; // Again license what you own, usually 0 or nothing inside
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};
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```
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The Licenses:\
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All app if not relesed to public is behind a license, steam usually set (or returns) 0 as if you own it or doesnt have any license to it.\
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IT DOES not mean the app is free, even if you bought it still shown as 0!
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### Signature and padding.
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I dont know why steam has a 2 byte for a padding but that could be something or a random value.\
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OR that could be if we got banend by VAC? I dont know yet.
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Steam has a signature, as I seen its a 128 lenght one. I choosen RSA1 and PKCS1 since it giving me that one.\
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I generated a key (You can get yourself here: https://github.com/Detanup01/stmsrv/blob/main/Cert/AppTicket.key) or from Auth.cpp/h file.
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It is just we get the ticket data as bytes and we sign it with our key, and vola we have a ticket!
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Thats why the NEW size is Minimum 170 because 128 + 42 (Minimum Ticket Data without any DLC, License, and GC)
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## Interesting things
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The Ticket can exceed 1024 byte if user own soo many DLC. Steam recommend setting as 1024 but I recommend everyone using 2048 if you have a Game that has many DLC. (PayDay 2)
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Old ticket is similar to the start of our GC ticket.
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# Interesting things about the new auth ticket
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Firstly, why do you need to use the new auth ticket?
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Well, thats because some Emulators, or servers checking inside the tickets. (Example is Nemirtingas Epic Emu)\
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Old version of the ticket not gonna work with them.
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## How does the old ticket look vs the new?
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Old Ticket looks like this:
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```
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4 byte (header) | 4 byte | 8 byte
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0x14 (AKA 20) 00 00 00 | [TicketNumber] | [SteamId]
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```
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As you see the ticket doesnt contains any information when its made, what DLC you have and appid you started.
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### Before seeing how the new ticket looks, what does the "HasGC" means?
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GC means Game Coordinator.\
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It helps with IP address, better matchmake, and other things.
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Why do we use it?\
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Well simple because I researched for it and everything usually sending that data back.\
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You can write a simple Application and edit steam_api.txt for any appid you own and gather the ticket from it.
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GC contains these infromation:
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```c++
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uint32_t STEAM_APPTICKET_GCLen = 20; // Magic header 20
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uint64_t GCToken{}; // A unique token for this, can be random or sequential
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CSteamID id{}; // our steamId
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uint32_t ticketGenDate{}; //epoch time when generated
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uint32_t STEAM_APPTICKET_SESSIONLEN = 24; // Magic Header 24
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uint32_t one = 1; // dont know yet
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uint32_t two = 2; // dont know yet
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uint32_t ExternalIP{}; // External ip (Steam usually encrypting these)
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uint32_t InternalIP{}; // Internal ip (Steam usually encrypting these)
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uint32_t TimeSinceStartup{}; // Seconds since Steam Startup
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uint32_t TicketGeneratedCount{}; // how many ticket did you generated since startup
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uint32_t FullSizeOfGC = 56; // GC size (52) + 4
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```
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If you add those together you get 52
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```
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8 = uint64_t
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4 = uint32_t
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4 + 8 + 8 + 4 = 24 (4 without the header is 20 so the lenght of the Next section)
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4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 28 (4 without the header is 24 so the lenght of the Next section)
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```
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Yes, we could separate these but since only GC doing this, that is not much
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### The rest of the Ticket
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As you see in the auth.h file the ticket is contains these infromation:
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```c++
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uint32_t TheTicketLenght; // Full lenght of the ticket exluding the padding and the Singature
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uint32_t Version{}; // Latest version is 4 so we keep that way
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CSteamID id{}; // our steamId
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uint32_t AppId{}; // Current AppId that we playing
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uint32_t ExternalIP{}; // External ip (Steam usually encrypting these)
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uint32_t InternalIP{}; // Internal ip (Steam usually encrypting these)
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uint32_t AlwaysZero = 0; //OwnershipFlags? or Might be VAC Banned?
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uint32_t TicketGeneratedDate{}; // Epoch Seconds when the Ticket generated
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uint32_t TicketGeneratedExpireDate{}; // Epoch Seconds when the Ticket will expire
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std::vector<uint32_t> Licenses{}; // our licenses (Usually is 0 or if you own a locked beta that will be it)
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std::vector<DLC> DLCs{}; // what DLC we own
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```
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The DLC data inside:
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```c++
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struct DLC {
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uint32_t AppId{}; // AppId of the DLC
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std::vector<uint32_t> Licenses{}; // Again license what you own, usually 0 or nothing inside
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};
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```
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The Licenses:\
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All app if not relesed to public is behind a license, steam usually set (or returns) 0 as if you own it or doesnt have any license to it.\
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IT DOES not mean the app is free, even if you bought it still shown as 0!
|
||||
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### Signature and padding.
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||||
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I dont know why steam has a 2 byte for a padding but that could be something or a random value.\
|
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OR that could be if we got banend by VAC? I dont know yet.
|
||||
|
||||
Steam has a signature, as I seen its a 128 lenght one. I choosen RSA1 and PKCS1 since it giving me that one.\
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I generated a key (You can get yourself here: https://github.com/Detanup01/stmsrv/blob/main/Cert/AppTicket.key) or from Auth.cpp/h file.
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||||
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It is just we get the ticket data as bytes and we sign it with our key, and vola we have a ticket!
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Thats why the NEW size is Minimum 170 because 128 + 42 (Minimum Ticket Data without any DLC, License, and GC)
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## Interesting things
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The Ticket can exceed 1024 byte if user own soo many DLC. Steam recommend setting as 1024 but I recommend everyone using 2048 if you have a Game that has many DLC. (PayDay 2)
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Old ticket is similar to the start of our GC ticket.
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Currently SendUserConnectAndAuthenticate, beginAuth "does not" have code for supporting NEW AuthTicket. But because the Old ticket header is similar to GC which we do send data with my steamId and a random Id. It doesnt need to Deserialize anything from the ticket.
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@ -1,345 +1,345 @@
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# What is the interface ISteamGameServerStats
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This interface is relevant for game servers only, and responsible for sharing stats and achievements with the client. Some games (like appid 541300) might not handle user stats on their own, but rather expect the server to send the updated/changed user data.
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While playing a game, the game client will send the player's current progress to the server, example: *the player ate an apple*, or *the player killed 5 enemies*, etc...
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The server keeps track of the player progress, and once the player hits a certain condition (ex: eating an apple for the first time), the server will share an achievement with the game client, or send the current progress as a user statistics metric (ex: killing 5/10/50 enemies).
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# Overview of the interface functions
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* On startup, the server will ask Valve servers to *prepare* the user data by calling `RequestUserStats()` and wait for the response
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* The server then, at any point, can ask for specific user stat/achievement
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- `GetUserStat()` will return the current value for a given stat name, ex: amount of killed enemies
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- `GetUserAchievement()` will return whether the user has unlocked a given achievement or not
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* The server can also change/update this data
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- `SetUserStat()` and `UpdateUserAvgRateStat()` will update the stat value
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- `SetUserAchievement()` and `ClearUserAchievement()` will grant or remove from the user a given achievement
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* Finally, the server should upload the changed data back to Valve servers by calling `StoreUserStats()`
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# How it is implemented in the emu
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For starters, the emu doesn't offer a mechanism to emulate a central server, also all user stats and achievements are saved locally on the user's computer.
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Let's say we have 3 people currently playing a game on the same network which has a dedicated server, and the server is utilizing this interface to share stats.
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We'll implement the interface in a way such that each person is their own central server, and each will either broadcast their data, or only send it to the dedicated server:
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# Implementation of `RequestUserStats()`
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When the server asks for the user data via `RequestUserStats()` we'll send a request to that user, wait for their response, and finally trigger a callresult + a callback.
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We'll also store each user data, in a hash map (dictionary) for later so when we change that data we know whose data are we changing.
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It is fairly straightforward, one request from the server, with its corresponding response from the player/user. It is a directed one-to-one message.
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```
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|-------------| ====>> |-------------|
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| server | | game client |
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|-------------| <<==== |-------------|
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```
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- Send a `protobuf` message to the user asking for all their stats
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```proto
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enum Types {
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...
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Request_AllUserStats = 0;
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...
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}
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// sent from server as a request, response sent by the user
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message InitialAllStats {
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...
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uint64 steam_api_call = 1;
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...
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}
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Types type = 1;
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oneof data_messages {
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InitialAllStats initial_user_stats = 2;
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...
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}
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```
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```c++
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// SteamAPICall_t Steam_GameServerStats::RequestUserStats( CSteamID steamIDUser )
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auto initial_stats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages::InitialAllStats();
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initial_stats_msg->set_steam_api_call(new_request.steamAPICall);
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auto gameserverstats_messages = new GameServerStats_Messages();
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gameserverstats_messages->set_typ(GameServerStats_Messages::Request_AllUserStats);
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gameserverstats_messages->set_allocated_initial_user_stats(initial_stats_msg);
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Common_Message msg{};
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// https://protobuf.dev/reference/cpp/cpp-generated/#string
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// set_allocated_xxx() takes ownership of the allocated object, no need to delete
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msg.set_allocated_gameserver_stats_messages(gameserverstats_messages);
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msg.set_source_id(settings->get_local_steam_id().ConvertToUint64());
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msg.set_dest_id(new_request.steamIDUser.ConvertToUint64());
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network->sendTo(&msg, true);
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```
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- The user will send back a `protobuf` message containing all the data, this is the user response with the enum `Type` set to `Response_AllUserStats`
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```proto
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enum Types {
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...
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Response_AllUserStats = 1;
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...
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}
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message InitialAllStats {
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uint64 steam_api_call = 1;
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// optional because the server send doesn't send any data, just steam api call id
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optional AllStats all_data = 2;
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}
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// this is used when updating stats, from server or user, bi-directional
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message AllStats {
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map<string, StatInfo> user_stats = 1;
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map<string, AchievementInfo> user_achievements = 2;
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}
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message StatInfo {
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enum Stat_Type {
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STAT_TYPE_INT = 0;
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STAT_TYPE_FLOAT = 1;
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STAT_TYPE_AVGRATE = 2;
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}
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message AvgStatInfo {
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float count_this_session = 1;
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double session_length = 2;
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}
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Stat_Type stat_type = 1;
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oneof stat_value {
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float value_float = 2;
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int32 value_int = 3;
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}
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...
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}
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message AchievementInfo {
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bool achieved = 1;
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}
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Types type = 1;
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oneof data_messages {
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...
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InitialAllStats initial_user_stats = 2;
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...
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}
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```
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```c++
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// void Steam_User_Stats::network_stats_initial(Common_Message *msg)
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auto initial_stats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages::InitialAllStats();
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// send back same api call id
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initial_stats_msg->set_steam_api_call(msg->gameserver_stats_messages() initial_user_stats().steam_api_call());
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initial_stats_msg->set_allocated_all_data(all_stats_msg);
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auto gameserverstats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages();
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gameserverstats_msg->set_type(GameServerStats_Messages::Response_AllUserStats);
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gameserverstats_msg->set_allocated_initial_user_stats(initial_stats_msg);
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new_msg.set_allocated_gameserver_stats_messages(gameserverstats_msg);
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new_msg.set_source_id(settings->get_local_steam_id().ConvertToUint64());
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new_msg.set_dest_id(server_steamid);
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network->sendTo(&new_msg, true);
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```
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- When the user returns a response, we'll trigger a callback + a callresult
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```c++
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// void Steam_GameServerStats::network_callback_initial_stats(Common_Message *msg)
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GSStatsReceived_t data{};
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data.m_eResult = EResult::k_EResultOK;
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data.m_steamIDUser = user_steamid;
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callback_results->addCallResult(it->steamAPICall, data.k_iCallback, &data, sizeof(data));
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callbacks->addCBResult(data.k_iCallback, &data, sizeof(data));
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```
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# Implementation of `SetUserStat()`, `SetUserAchievement()`, and `ClearUserAchievement()`
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The emu already asked the user earlier via `RequestUserStats()` for their data and stored the result in a map/dictionary, so whenver the server calls any of these functions we can easily update the dictionary.
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But when we send the updated data to the user we don't want to send the entire dictionary, it is wasteful but more importantly, if we keep sending the same **unchanged** data each time over and over, the Steam functions on the player's side will trigger a notification each time, meaning that the player might keep unlocking an achievement over and over or updating the same stats with the exact same values.
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To solve this, the emu keeps a dictionary of *cached* data, each piece of data has a an accompanied boolean flag called `dirty`, this flag is set to `true` only when the server updates the data, and when it's time to send the new data to the user, we only collect those whose `dirty` flag is set.
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```c++
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struct CachedStat {
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bool dirty = false; // true means it was changed on the server and should be sent to the user
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GameServerStats_Messages::StatInfo stat{};
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};
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struct CachedAchievement {
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bool dirty = false; // true means it was changed on the server and should be sent to the user
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GameServerStats_Messages::AchievementInfo ach{};
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};
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struct UserData {
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std::map<std::string, CachedStat> stats{};
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std::map<std::string, CachedAchievement> achievements{};
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};
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// dictionary of <user id, user data>
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std::map<uint64, UserData> all_users_data{};
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```
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An example from `SetUserAchievement()`
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```c++
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auto ach = find_ach(steamIDUser, pchName);
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if (!ach) return false;
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if (ach->ach.achieved() == true) return true; // don't waste time
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ach->dirty = true; // set the dirty flag
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```
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Another optimization made here is that the data is not sent immediately, game servers and game clients utilizing the Steam networking will always call `Steam_Client::RunCallbacks()` periodically, so we can just for that periodic call and send any *dirty* data all at once, or nothing if everything is clean! (unchanged).
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Here's the `protobuf` message, and notice how it's exactly the same as the *user/player response* for `RequestUserStats()`, with these exceptions:
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1. This is sent from the server, not the user/player
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2. The enum `Type` is set to `UpdateUserStatsFromServer`
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3. The active member in the `oneof data_messages` is `update_user_stats`
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But the overall message has the same shape, and now contains **only** the changed data
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```proto
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enum Types {
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...
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UpdateUserStatsFromServer = 2; // sent by Steam_GameServerStats
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...
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}
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// this is used when updating stats, from server or user, bi-directional
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message AllStats {
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map<string, StatInfo> user_stats = 1;
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map<string, AchievementInfo> user_achievements = 2;
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}
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message StatInfo {
|
||||
enum Stat_Type {
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_INT = 0;
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_FLOAT = 1;
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_AVGRATE = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
message AvgStatInfo {
|
||||
float count_this_session = 1;
|
||||
double session_length = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Stat_Type stat_type = 1;
|
||||
oneof stat_value {
|
||||
float value_float = 2;
|
||||
int32 value_int = 3;
|
||||
}
|
||||
optional AvgStatInfo value_avg = 4; // only set when type != INT
|
||||
}
|
||||
message AchievementInfo {
|
||||
bool achieved = 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Types type = 1;
|
||||
oneof data_messages {
|
||||
...
|
||||
AllStats update_user_stats = 3;
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// void Steam_GameServerStats::collect_and_send_updated_user_stats()
|
||||
|
||||
// collect all dirty stats
|
||||
|
||||
// collect all dirty achievements
|
||||
|
||||
// then for each user, send the dirty data at once as a single packet
|
||||
|
||||
auto gameserverstats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages();
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_type(GameServerStats_Messages::UpdateUserStatsFromServer);
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_allocated_update_user_stats(updated_stats_msg);
|
||||
|
||||
Common_Message msg{};
|
||||
// https://protobuf.dev/reference/cpp/cpp-generated/#string
|
||||
// set_allocated_xxx() takes ownership of the allocated object, no need to delete
|
||||
msg.set_allocated_gameserver_stats_messages(gameserverstats_msg);
|
||||
msg.set_source_id(settings->get_local_steam_id().ConvertToUint64());
|
||||
msg.set_dest_id(user_steamid);
|
||||
network->sendTo(&msg, true);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Back on the user/client side, they will receive this message and update their data, as if the game itself has updated this data.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# How data is shared with game servers if the game client updated its data
|
||||
This more or less the same, with these changes
|
||||
* The `protobuf` enum `Type` is set to `UpdateUserStatsFromUser`
|
||||
* Since the game client doesn't know the server ID, it will broadcast the message to all game servers
|
||||
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// void Steam_User_Stats::send_updated_stats()
|
||||
|
||||
auto gameserverstats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages();
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_type(GameServerStats_Messages::UpdateUserStatsFromUser);
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_allocated_update_user_stats(new_updates_msg);
|
||||
|
||||
Common_Message msg{};
|
||||
// https://protobuf.dev/reference/cpp/cpp-generated/#string
|
||||
// set_allocated_xxx() takes ownership of the allocated object, no need to delete
|
||||
msg.set_allocated_gameserver_stats_messages(gameserverstats_msg);
|
||||
msg.set_source_id(settings->get_local_steam_id().ConvertToUint64());
|
||||
// here we send to all gameservers on the network because we don't know the server steamid
|
||||
network->sendToAllGameservers(&msg, true);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Changes made to the networking
|
||||
The networking implementation works like this
|
||||
* Store a list of all functions to trigger once a certain message is received, messages are tagged with some ID
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
enum Callback_Ids {
|
||||
CALLBACK_ID_USER_STATUS,
|
||||
...
|
||||
CALLBACK_ID_GAMESERVER_STATS, // this is our new member
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
CALLBACK_IDS_MAX
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Internally this is implemented as a static array, not a map/dictionary as one might expect
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
struct Network_Callback_Container callbacks[CALLBACK_IDS_MAX];
|
||||
```
|
||||
No need for a map here since the *keys* are static numbers known during compilation (the enum above), hence an array is equivalent to a map/dictionary here.
|
||||
|
||||
Each element of the array is just a collection of functions to be called/invoked later
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
struct Network_Callback_Container {
|
||||
std::vector<struct Network_Callback> callbacks{};
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
CALLBACK_ID_USER_STATUS ---> | &func_1 | &func_2 | ... |
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
CALLBACK_ID_GAMESERVER_STATS ---> | &other_fn_1 | &other_fn_1 | ... |
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* You can subscribe/listen to messages of that type or unsubscribe using these functions
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// subscribe
|
||||
Networking::setCallback(...)
|
||||
|
||||
// unsubscribe
|
||||
Networking::rmCallback(...)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* The networking class has an event-based function, called whenever a network message is available, which will check for the message type, and trigger/call each subscriber
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
void Networking::do_callbacks_message(Common_Message *msg) {
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
if (msg->has_gameserver_stats_messages()) {
|
||||
PRINT_DEBUG("has_gameserver_stats");
|
||||
run_callbacks(CALLBACK_ID_GAMESERVER_STATS, msg);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
# What is the interface ISteamGameServerStats
|
||||
This interface is relevant for game servers only, and responsible for sharing stats and achievements with the client. Some games (like appid 541300) might not handle user stats on their own, but rather expect the server to send the updated/changed user data.
|
||||
|
||||
While playing a game, the game client will send the player's current progress to the server, example: *the player ate an apple*, or *the player killed 5 enemies*, etc...
|
||||
The server keeps track of the player progress, and once the player hits a certain condition (ex: eating an apple for the first time), the server will share an achievement with the game client, or send the current progress as a user statistics metric (ex: killing 5/10/50 enemies).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Overview of the interface functions
|
||||
* On startup, the server will ask Valve servers to *prepare* the user data by calling `RequestUserStats()` and wait for the response
|
||||
* The server then, at any point, can ask for specific user stat/achievement
|
||||
- `GetUserStat()` will return the current value for a given stat name, ex: amount of killed enemies
|
||||
- `GetUserAchievement()` will return whether the user has unlocked a given achievement or not
|
||||
* The server can also change/update this data
|
||||
- `SetUserStat()` and `UpdateUserAvgRateStat()` will update the stat value
|
||||
- `SetUserAchievement()` and `ClearUserAchievement()` will grant or remove from the user a given achievement
|
||||
* Finally, the server should upload the changed data back to Valve servers by calling `StoreUserStats()`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# How it is implemented in the emu
|
||||
For starters, the emu doesn't offer a mechanism to emulate a central server, also all user stats and achievements are saved locally on the user's computer.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's say we have 3 people currently playing a game on the same network which has a dedicated server, and the server is utilizing this interface to share stats.
|
||||
|
||||
We'll implement the interface in a way such that each person is their own central server, and each will either broadcast their data, or only send it to the dedicated server:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Implementation of `RequestUserStats()`
|
||||
When the server asks for the user data via `RequestUserStats()` we'll send a request to that user, wait for their response, and finally trigger a callresult + a callback.
|
||||
We'll also store each user data, in a hash map (dictionary) for later so when we change that data we know whose data are we changing.
|
||||
|
||||
It is fairly straightforward, one request from the server, with its corresponding response from the player/user. It is a directed one-to-one message.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|-------------| ====>> |-------------|
|
||||
| server | | game client |
|
||||
|-------------| <<==== |-------------|
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Send a `protobuf` message to the user asking for all their stats
|
||||
```proto
|
||||
enum Types {
|
||||
...
|
||||
Request_AllUserStats = 0;
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
// sent from server as a request, response sent by the user
|
||||
message InitialAllStats {
|
||||
...
|
||||
uint64 steam_api_call = 1;
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Types type = 1;
|
||||
oneof data_messages {
|
||||
InitialAllStats initial_user_stats = 2;
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// SteamAPICall_t Steam_GameServerStats::RequestUserStats( CSteamID steamIDUser )
|
||||
|
||||
auto initial_stats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages::InitialAllStats();
|
||||
initial_stats_msg->set_steam_api_call(new_request.steamAPICall);
|
||||
|
||||
auto gameserverstats_messages = new GameServerStats_Messages();
|
||||
gameserverstats_messages->set_typ(GameServerStats_Messages::Request_AllUserStats);
|
||||
gameserverstats_messages->set_allocated_initial_user_stats(initial_stats_msg);
|
||||
|
||||
Common_Message msg{};
|
||||
// https://protobuf.dev/reference/cpp/cpp-generated/#string
|
||||
// set_allocated_xxx() takes ownership of the allocated object, no need to delete
|
||||
msg.set_allocated_gameserver_stats_messages(gameserverstats_messages);
|
||||
msg.set_source_id(settings->get_local_steam_id().ConvertToUint64());
|
||||
msg.set_dest_id(new_request.steamIDUser.ConvertToUint64());
|
||||
network->sendTo(&msg, true);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- The user will send back a `protobuf` message containing all the data, this is the user response with the enum `Type` set to `Response_AllUserStats`
|
||||
```proto
|
||||
enum Types {
|
||||
...
|
||||
Response_AllUserStats = 1;
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
message InitialAllStats {
|
||||
uint64 steam_api_call = 1;
|
||||
|
||||
// optional because the server send doesn't send any data, just steam api call id
|
||||
optional AllStats all_data = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// this is used when updating stats, from server or user, bi-directional
|
||||
message AllStats {
|
||||
map<string, StatInfo> user_stats = 1;
|
||||
map<string, AchievementInfo> user_achievements = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
message StatInfo {
|
||||
enum Stat_Type {
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_INT = 0;
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_FLOAT = 1;
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_AVGRATE = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
message AvgStatInfo {
|
||||
float count_this_session = 1;
|
||||
double session_length = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Stat_Type stat_type = 1;
|
||||
oneof stat_value {
|
||||
float value_float = 2;
|
||||
int32 value_int = 3;
|
||||
}
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
message AchievementInfo {
|
||||
bool achieved = 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Types type = 1;
|
||||
oneof data_messages {
|
||||
...
|
||||
InitialAllStats initial_user_stats = 2;
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// void Steam_User_Stats::network_stats_initial(Common_Message *msg)
|
||||
|
||||
auto initial_stats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages::InitialAllStats();
|
||||
// send back same api call id
|
||||
initial_stats_msg->set_steam_api_call(msg->gameserver_stats_messages() initial_user_stats().steam_api_call());
|
||||
initial_stats_msg->set_allocated_all_data(all_stats_msg);
|
||||
|
||||
auto gameserverstats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages();
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_type(GameServerStats_Messages::Response_AllUserStats);
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_allocated_initial_user_stats(initial_stats_msg);
|
||||
|
||||
new_msg.set_allocated_gameserver_stats_messages(gameserverstats_msg);
|
||||
new_msg.set_source_id(settings->get_local_steam_id().ConvertToUint64());
|
||||
new_msg.set_dest_id(server_steamid);
|
||||
network->sendTo(&new_msg, true);
|
||||
```
|
||||
- When the user returns a response, we'll trigger a callback + a callresult
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// void Steam_GameServerStats::network_callback_initial_stats(Common_Message *msg)
|
||||
GSStatsReceived_t data{};
|
||||
data.m_eResult = EResult::k_EResultOK;
|
||||
data.m_steamIDUser = user_steamid;
|
||||
callback_results->addCallResult(it->steamAPICall, data.k_iCallback, &data, sizeof(data));
|
||||
callbacks->addCBResult(data.k_iCallback, &data, sizeof(data));
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Implementation of `SetUserStat()`, `SetUserAchievement()`, and `ClearUserAchievement()`
|
||||
The emu already asked the user earlier via `RequestUserStats()` for their data and stored the result in a map/dictionary, so whenver the server calls any of these functions we can easily update the dictionary.
|
||||
|
||||
But when we send the updated data to the user we don't want to send the entire dictionary, it is wasteful but more importantly, if we keep sending the same **unchanged** data each time over and over, the Steam functions on the player's side will trigger a notification each time, meaning that the player might keep unlocking an achievement over and over or updating the same stats with the exact same values.
|
||||
|
||||
To solve this, the emu keeps a dictionary of *cached* data, each piece of data has a an accompanied boolean flag called `dirty`, this flag is set to `true` only when the server updates the data, and when it's time to send the new data to the user, we only collect those whose `dirty` flag is set.
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
struct CachedStat {
|
||||
bool dirty = false; // true means it was changed on the server and should be sent to the user
|
||||
GameServerStats_Messages::StatInfo stat{};
|
||||
};
|
||||
struct CachedAchievement {
|
||||
bool dirty = false; // true means it was changed on the server and should be sent to the user
|
||||
GameServerStats_Messages::AchievementInfo ach{};
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
struct UserData {
|
||||
std::map<std::string, CachedStat> stats{};
|
||||
std::map<std::string, CachedAchievement> achievements{};
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// dictionary of <user id, user data>
|
||||
std::map<uint64, UserData> all_users_data{};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
An example from `SetUserAchievement()`
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
auto ach = find_ach(steamIDUser, pchName);
|
||||
if (!ach) return false;
|
||||
if (ach->ach.achieved() == true) return true; // don't waste time
|
||||
|
||||
ach->dirty = true; // set the dirty flag
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Another optimization made here is that the data is not sent immediately, game servers and game clients utilizing the Steam networking will always call `Steam_Client::RunCallbacks()` periodically, so we can just for that periodic call and send any *dirty* data all at once, or nothing if everything is clean! (unchanged).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Here's the `protobuf` message, and notice how it's exactly the same as the *user/player response* for `RequestUserStats()`, with these exceptions:
|
||||
1. This is sent from the server, not the user/player
|
||||
2. The enum `Type` is set to `UpdateUserStatsFromServer`
|
||||
3. The active member in the `oneof data_messages` is `update_user_stats`
|
||||
|
||||
But the overall message has the same shape, and now contains **only** the changed data
|
||||
```proto
|
||||
enum Types {
|
||||
...
|
||||
UpdateUserStatsFromServer = 2; // sent by Steam_GameServerStats
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// this is used when updating stats, from server or user, bi-directional
|
||||
message AllStats {
|
||||
map<string, StatInfo> user_stats = 1;
|
||||
map<string, AchievementInfo> user_achievements = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
message StatInfo {
|
||||
enum Stat_Type {
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_INT = 0;
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_FLOAT = 1;
|
||||
STAT_TYPE_AVGRATE = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
message AvgStatInfo {
|
||||
float count_this_session = 1;
|
||||
double session_length = 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Stat_Type stat_type = 1;
|
||||
oneof stat_value {
|
||||
float value_float = 2;
|
||||
int32 value_int = 3;
|
||||
}
|
||||
optional AvgStatInfo value_avg = 4; // only set when type != INT
|
||||
}
|
||||
message AchievementInfo {
|
||||
bool achieved = 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Types type = 1;
|
||||
oneof data_messages {
|
||||
...
|
||||
AllStats update_user_stats = 3;
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// void Steam_GameServerStats::collect_and_send_updated_user_stats()
|
||||
|
||||
// collect all dirty stats
|
||||
|
||||
// collect all dirty achievements
|
||||
|
||||
// then for each user, send the dirty data at once as a single packet
|
||||
|
||||
auto gameserverstats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages();
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_type(GameServerStats_Messages::UpdateUserStatsFromServer);
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_allocated_update_user_stats(updated_stats_msg);
|
||||
|
||||
Common_Message msg{};
|
||||
// https://protobuf.dev/reference/cpp/cpp-generated/#string
|
||||
// set_allocated_xxx() takes ownership of the allocated object, no need to delete
|
||||
msg.set_allocated_gameserver_stats_messages(gameserverstats_msg);
|
||||
msg.set_source_id(settings->get_local_steam_id().ConvertToUint64());
|
||||
msg.set_dest_id(user_steamid);
|
||||
network->sendTo(&msg, true);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Back on the user/client side, they will receive this message and update their data, as if the game itself has updated this data.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# How data is shared with game servers if the game client updated its data
|
||||
This more or less the same, with these changes
|
||||
* The `protobuf` enum `Type` is set to `UpdateUserStatsFromUser`
|
||||
* Since the game client doesn't know the server ID, it will broadcast the message to all game servers
|
||||
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// void Steam_User_Stats::send_updated_stats()
|
||||
|
||||
auto gameserverstats_msg = new GameServerStats_Messages();
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_type(GameServerStats_Messages::UpdateUserStatsFromUser);
|
||||
gameserverstats_msg->set_allocated_update_user_stats(new_updates_msg);
|
||||
|
||||
Common_Message msg{};
|
||||
// https://protobuf.dev/reference/cpp/cpp-generated/#string
|
||||
// set_allocated_xxx() takes ownership of the allocated object, no need to delete
|
||||
msg.set_allocated_gameserver_stats_messages(gameserverstats_msg);
|
||||
msg.set_source_id(settings->get_local_steam_id().ConvertToUint64());
|
||||
// here we send to all gameservers on the network because we don't know the server steamid
|
||||
network->sendToAllGameservers(&msg, true);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Changes made to the networking
|
||||
The networking implementation works like this
|
||||
* Store a list of all functions to trigger once a certain message is received, messages are tagged with some ID
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
enum Callback_Ids {
|
||||
CALLBACK_ID_USER_STATUS,
|
||||
...
|
||||
CALLBACK_ID_GAMESERVER_STATS, // this is our new member
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
CALLBACK_IDS_MAX
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Internally this is implemented as a static array, not a map/dictionary as one might expect
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
struct Network_Callback_Container callbacks[CALLBACK_IDS_MAX];
|
||||
```
|
||||
No need for a map here since the *keys* are static numbers known during compilation (the enum above), hence an array is equivalent to a map/dictionary here.
|
||||
|
||||
Each element of the array is just a collection of functions to be called/invoked later
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
struct Network_Callback_Container {
|
||||
std::vector<struct Network_Callback> callbacks{};
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
CALLBACK_ID_USER_STATUS ---> | &func_1 | &func_2 | ... |
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
CALLBACK_ID_GAMESERVER_STATS ---> | &other_fn_1 | &other_fn_2 | ... |
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* You can subscribe/listen to messages of that type or unsubscribe using these functions
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
// subscribe
|
||||
Networking::setCallback(...)
|
||||
|
||||
// unsubscribe
|
||||
Networking::rmCallback(...)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* The networking class has an event-based function, called whenever a network message is available, which will check for the message type, and trigger/call each subscriber
|
||||
```c++
|
||||
void Networking::do_callbacks_message(Common_Message *msg) {
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
if (msg->has_gameserver_stats_messages()) {
|
||||
PRINT_DEBUG("has_gameserver_stats");
|
||||
run_callbacks(CALLBACK_ID_GAMESERVER_STATS, msg);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user